Publications by Anencephaly
CR_2007-2021
Background Craniosynostosis is a condition in which the bones of a newborn’s skull fuse prematurely before the brain is fully formed. With Cranisosynotsis, one or more fibrous joints between the bones of a newborn’s skull (cranial sutures) close prematurely. As the baby’s brain grows, the skull can become misshapen. Typically, the sutures...
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Current Trend
Table Notes: Missing data is the result of suppression and/or non-data collection in early years. Prevalence rate estimates are based on reports to the Alaska Birth Defect Registry. Although p-value estimates are provided to assess the trend (increasing or decreasing) over time, caution should be used in interpretation as data collection metho...
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Current Prevalence
Report and Estimated Defect Prevalence Estimates (per 10,000 live births) Defect Reports Report Prevalence (95%CI) PPV NPV Estimated Defects Defect Prevalence (95%CI) Cardiovascular Aortic valve stenosis 12 2.4 (1.3,4.2) NA Atrial septal defect 1069 216.2 (203.4,229.5) NA Atrioventricular septal defect 24 4.9 (3.1,7...
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Limb Deficiencies
Background Limb deficiencies are reductions or defects of the upper or lower limbs. These occur when a fetus’s arm, hand (upper limb), leg, or foot (lower limb) does not form correctly during pregnancy.[1] There isn’t a single cause of congenital limb deficiencies, and often the cause is unknown. Risk factors that may increase the likelihoo...
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Anophthalmia and microphthalmia
Background Anophthalmia and microphthalmia are rare birth defects of one or both of a newborn’s eye(s). Anophthalmia is the complete lack of a developed eye. Microphthalmia occurs when the eye(s) do not develop fully and are undersized or underdeveloped.[1] Researchers estimate that about 1 in every 5,200 babies is born with anophthalmia/micr...
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HYLHS_2007-2020
Background Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a birth defect that affects the development of the left side of the heart. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome affects many components of the heart resulting in the underdevelopment of the left ventricle, mitral valve, aortic valve, and the aorta. Additionally, it is common for newborns with HLHS...
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TOF_2007-2020
Background Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a birth defect of the heart consisting of four components. These include: 1) a hole between the two ventricles (ventricular septal defect), 2) a narrowed pulmonary valve and pulmonary artery, 3) an enlarged aorta which overrides the ventricular septum, and 4) an abnormally thickened wall of the right vent...
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Trisomy_21_2007-2020
Background Down syndrome, or Trisomy 21, is a condition in which an infant is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. Chromosomes are small packages of genetic material responsible for inherited traits. They determine how the body forms and grows during pregnancy and how it will function after birth. Typically, an infant has 23 pairs of chrom...
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Tricuspid_Atresia_2007-2020
Background Tricuspid Atresia is a birth defect of the heart wherein the tricupsid valve, which controls blood flow between the two chambers on the right side of the heart (right atrium and right ventricle), forms incorrectly, or not at all. [1] A malformed, or absent tricuspid valve affects blood flow to the right ventricle and the main pulmon...
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Trisomy_13_2007-2020
Background Patau syndrome, or Trisomy 13, is a condition where an infant is born with an extra chromosome. Chromosomes are small packages of genetic material responsible for inherited traits. They determine how an infant’s body forms and grows during pregnancy and how it will function after birth. Typically, an infant is born with 23 pairs of...
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