Publications by Anencephaly
Hypospadias_16
Background Hypospadias is a male birth defect in which the opening of the urethra, the tube that allows urine to drain from the bladder and exit the body, is not located on the tip of the penis. Instead the urethra opening is located somewhere along the underside of the penis. The type of hypospadias depends on the location of the opening of the ...
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Trisomy18_16
Background Edwards syndrome, or Trisomy 18, is a condition in which an infant is born with an extra chromosome. Chromosomes are small packages of genetic material responsible for inherited traits. They determine how an infant’s body forms and grows during pregnancy and how it will function after birth. Typically, an infant has 23 pairs of chrom...
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Prevalence Rate Trends 2007 - 2016
Defect 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 p-value Cardiovascular Aortic valve stenosis - - 3.5 3.5 - 3.6 1.7 - 4.4 2.7 0.8143 Atrail spetal defect 158.9 158.7 168.4 158.2 156.1 174.0 193.5 162.7 170.4 110.3 0.5412 Atrioventricular septal defect 7.2 8.7 6.2 6.1 9.6 3.6 2.6 7.9 2.6 4.4 0.1156 �...
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Trisomy21_16
Background Down syndrome, or Trisomy 21, is a condition in which an infant is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. Chromosomes are small packages of genetic material responsible for inherited traits. They determine how the body forms and grows during pregnancy and how it will function after birth. Typically, an infant has 23 pairs of chromos...
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Omphalocele_16
Background Omphalocele, like gastroschisis, is a birth defect in the abdominal wall that causes an infant’s intestines and sometimes other organs (e.g. stomach and liver) to protrude outside of their body, usually through a hole next to the belly button. Unlike gastroschisis, the organs that are pushed outside the body are covered in a thin, t...
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Prevalence rates 2012 - 2016
Report and Estimated Defect Prevalence Estimates (per 10,000 live births) Defect Reports Report Prevalence (95%CI) PPV NPV Estimated Defects Defect Prevalence (95%CI) Cardiovascular Aortic valve stenosis 15 2.6 (1.5,4.4) NA Atrial septal defect 920 162.3 (152.0,173.2) NA Atrioventricular septal defect 23 4.1 (2.6,6...
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Anencephaly16
Background Anencephaly is a neural tube defect (NTD) or brain disorder that results when the upper part of the neural tube does not close all the way. The neural tube is essential in forming the infant’s brain, skull, and spinal cord. The incomplete closure of the upper part of the neural tube results in a infant being born without the forebrai...
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Omphalocele
Background Omphalocele, like gastroschisis, is a birth defect in the abdominal wall that causes an infant’s intestines and sometimes other organs (e.g. stomach and liver) to protrude outside of their body, usually through a hole next to the belly button. Unlike gastroschisis, the organs that are pushed outside the body are covered in a thin, t...
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Spina Bifida_16
Background Spina bifida without anencephalus (hereafter referred to only as spina bifida) is a neural tube defect or brain disorder that results in an incomplete formation of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges (protective covering around the brain and spinal cord). The most serious type results in a sac of fluid protruding through an opening in ...
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Trisomy13_16
Background Patau syndrome, or Trisomy 13, is a condition where an infant is born with an extra chromosome. Chromosomes are small packages of genetic material responsible for inherited traits. They determine how an infant’s body forms and grows during pregnancy and how it will function after birth. Typically, an infant is born with 23 pairs of c...
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