Publications by Anencephaly
Coarctation of the Aorta 2007-2017
Background The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood out of the heart to the body. With coarctation of the aorta, a portion of the aorta is too narrow, resulting in reduced blood flow, most commonly to the lower body. [1] Symptoms develop soon after birth and may include congestive heart failure or high blood pressure. [2] A coar...
7412 sym 3 img 5 tbl
Prevalence Rate Trends 2007 - 2017
Defect 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 p-value Cardiovascular Aortic valve stenosis - - 3.5 3.5 - 3.6 1.7 - 4.4 2.7 2.9 0.61 Atrail spetal defect 158.9 158.7 168.4 158.2 156.1 174.0 193.5 162.7 170.4 110.3 121.0 0.17 Atrioventricular septal defect 7.2 8.7 6.2 6.1 9.6 3.6 2.6 7.9 2.6 ...
1484 sym 1 tbl
Ebstein Anomaly 2007-2017
Background Ebstein Anomaly is a rare birth defect of the heart characterized by a malformation of the tricuspid valve (a valve between the upper and lower chambers of the right side of the heart). In Ebstein anomaly, the tricuspid valve is misshapen and displaced lower than normal leading to excess blood flow to the right atrium causing it to be ...
7708 sym 3 img 5 tbl
Single Ventricle 2007-2017
Background Single ventricle is a broad term for a group of rare congenital heart defects where only one of the two ventricles of the heart is of adequate size and function. [1] A normally functioning heart has four chambers. The lower two chambers are called ventricles and are responsible for pumping blood out of the heart. [2] Nearly all cases o...
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Dextro-Transportation of the Great Arteriescument 2007-2017
Background Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a birth defect of the heart where the aorta and pulmonary arteries are transposed or reversed so that the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arise from the left ventricle. There are two forms of TGA, dextro and levo. Dextro (D-TGA) is more common and occurs when t...
7663 sym 3 img 5 tbl
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return 2007-2017
Background Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) is a birth defect of the heart that occurs when oxygen-rich blood from the lungs does not return normally to the left atrium, but rather to the right atrium. Babies with TAPVR usually have a hole between the right and left atrium (an atrial septal defect) that allows oxygenated and deoxyg...
7891 sym 3 img 5 tbl
Trsomy 21 2007-2017
Background Down syndrome, or Trisomy 21, is a condition in which an infant is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. Chromosomes are small packages of genetic material responsible for inherited traits. They determine how the body forms and grows during pregnancy and how it will function after birth. Typically, an infant has 23 pairs of chromos...
8067 sym 3 img 5 tbl
Hypospadias 2007-2017
Background Hypospadias is a male birth defect in which the opening of the urethra, the tube that allows urine to drain from the bladder and exit the body, is not located on the tip of the penis. Instead the urethra opening is located somewhere along the underside of the penis. The type of hypospadias depends on the location of the opening of the ...
7663 sym 3 img 5 tbl
Trisomy 13 2007-2017
Background Patau syndrome, or Trisomy 13, is a condition where an infant is born with an extra chromosome. Chromosomes are small packages of genetic material responsible for inherited traits. They determine how an infant’s body forms and grows during pregnancy and how it will function after birth. Typically, an infant is born with 23 pairs of c...
8227 sym 3 img 5 tbl
Orofacial Clefts 2007-2017
Background Orofacial clefts includes all cleft lip and cleft palate birth defects [1]. Orofacial clefts occur when a baby’s lip and/or palate do not form properly during early pregnancy. Cleft lip occurs when the lip does not come together during development, separating the lip either on one side (unilateral) or on both sides (bilateral) [2]. C...
11278 sym R (474 sym/3 pcs) 7 img 16 tbl