Publications by Shiju Zhang
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Comparing Hate Crime Rates Before and After the Covid-19 Pandemic in the United States Anna Stevens, Shiju Zhang (Advisor) Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Saint Cloud State University Introduction By using the Federal Bureau of Investigation Crime Data Explorer, data was compiled for all fifty states and Washington DC for hate crimes ag...
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A Title John Doe1, , David Rob2 1 Department of International Ring Study, Central University of Middle Earth; 2 Department of Dragon Studies, Northern University of Middle Earth Introduction This is an introduction to the project. Objectives Objective 1. Objective 2. Objective 3. Methods We compiled data from … Fisher’s exact test is used...
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Types of Data Mining Problems Data mining is a process of data. We will cover a few types of data mining problems: Classification Prediction Clustering The first two are called supervised learning methods and the third is an unsupervised learning method. Generally, there are 4 steps in a data mining problem: Problem definition: Define the prob...
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1 Introduction R is so powerful that it can do almost anything for you. 1.1 Example 1 The following example introduces the use of R. a=8 b=9 c=a+b print(c) ## [1] 17 1.2 A Second Example The following will make a scatterplot. # Data vector x x=c(3,6,8,2,6,7,4,9) # Data vector y y = c(89, 98, 95, 67, 88, 94, 56, 99) # Calculate mean of x mean(...
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Which Model to Use? Data Mining Models and Code model response variable (y) type predictors missing value handling dummify predictors needed? code multiple linear regression quantitative any yes yes lm(y~., data=D) binary logistic binary (0/1) any yes yes glm(y~., data = D, family = ‘binomial’) ordinal logistic factor wit...
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knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE) suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(forecast)) # To use the accuracy() function suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(caret)) suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(NHANES)) suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(tidyverse)) suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(yardstick)) # For ROC suppressPackage...
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HW1 Solutions We are given \(P(C)=0.6\) and \(P(C \cap J)=0.2\). \(P(J|C)=\frac{P(J\cap C)}{P(C)}=\frac{0.2}{0.6}=\frac{1}{3}\) Given \(P(C|J)=0.4\), want \(P(J)\). Since \[0.4 = P(C|J)=\frac{P(C\cap J)}{P(J)}=\frac{0.2}{P(J)}\] \[P(J)=0.5\] 2. Denote “Left-handed” by “LH”, “Red-Green color-blinded” by “RG”, “Blue-Yellow colo...
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The notes start from Chapter 3 Chapter 0 A Change in Dates of the Schedule on the Syllabus Please refer to the new syllabus on D2L. Chapter 1 The Role of Statistics in Engineering 1 1.1 The Engineering Method and Statistical Thinking 2 1.1.1 Variability 3 1.1.2 Populations and Samples 5 1.2 Collecting Engineering Data 5 1.2.1 Basic Princip...
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Instruction of submission Submit your R Markdown to an appropriate dropbox in D2L. When submitting your file, include a link to your app created with the learnr package. (File -> New File -> R Markdown -> From Template -> Interactive Tutorial) Assignment # 1 Register with https://rstudio.cloud/. Then get logged in. Start a new project. Name the...
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Instructor’s Contact Dr. Shiju Zhang: szhang@stcloudstate.edu Office Hours There will be no in-office assistance. Students can get help from the instructor through the Zoom link: https://minnstate.zoom.us/j/6499950400 (Passcode: 3.14). When help is needed, students are suggested to make an appointment with the instructor. The instructor’s a...
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