Countries
Indicators
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Romania
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
Compare
Country
Aruba
Afghanistan
Angola
Albania
Andorra
United Arab Emirates
Argentina
Armenia
American Samoa
Antigua & Barbuda
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Burundi
Belgium
Benin
Burkina Faso
Bangladesh
Bulgaria
Bahrain
Bahamas
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Belarus
Belize
Bermuda
Bolivia
Brazil
Barbados
Brunei
Bhutan
Botswana
Central African Republic
Canada
Switzerland
Chile
China
Côte d’Ivoire
Cameroon
Congo - Kinshasa
Congo - Brazzaville
Colombia
Comoros
Cape Verde
Costa Rica
Cuba
Curaçao
Cayman Islands
Cyprus
Czechia
Germany
Djibouti
Dominica
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Algeria
Ecuador
Egypt
Eritrea
Spain
Estonia
Ethiopia
Finland
Fiji
France
Faroe Islands
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Gabon
United Kingdom
Georgia
Ghana
Gibraltar
Guinea
Gambia
Guinea-Bissau
Equatorial Guinea
Greece
Grenada
Greenland
Guatemala
Guam
Guyana
Hong Kong SAR China
Honduras
Croatia
Haiti
Hungary
Indonesia
Isle of Man
India
Ireland
Iran
Iraq
Iceland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Jordan
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kyrgyzstan
Cambodia
Kiribati
St. Kitts & Nevis
South Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Liberia
Libya
St. Lucia
Liechtenstein
Sri Lanka
Lesotho
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Latvia
Macao SAR China
Saint Martin (French part)
Morocco
Monaco
Moldova
Madagascar
Maldives
Mexico
Marshall Islands
North Macedonia
Mali
Malta
Myanmar (Burma)
Montenegro
Mongolia
Northern Mariana Islands
Mozambique
Mauritania
Mauritius
Malawi
Malaysia
Mayotte
Namibia
New Caledonia
Netherlands Antilles
Niger
Nigeria
Nicaragua
Netherlands
Norway
Nepal
Nauru
New Zealand
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Peru
Philippines
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Poland
Puerto Rico
North Korea
Portugal
Paraguay
Palestinian Territories
French Polynesia
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
Senegal
Singapore
Solomon Islands
Sierra Leone
El Salvador
San Marino
Somalia
Serbia
South Sudan
São Tomé & Príncipe
Suriname
Slovakia
Slovenia
Sweden
Eswatini
Sint Maarten
Seychelles
Syria
Turks & Caicos Islands
Chad
Togo
Thailand
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Timor-Leste
Tonga
Trinidad & Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Tuvalu
Taiwan
Tanzania
Uganda
Ukraine
Uruguay
United States
Uzbekistan
St. Vincent & Grenadines
Venezuela
British Virgin Islands
U.S. Virgin Islands
Vietnam
Vanuatu
Samoa
Kosovo
Yemen
South Africa
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Indicator
Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking (% of population)
Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, rural (% of rural population)
Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, urban (% of urban population)
Access to electricity (% of population)
Access to electricity, rural (% of rural population)
Access to electricity, urban (% of urban population)
Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population ages 15+)
Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, female (% of population ages 15+)
Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, male (% of population ages 15+)
Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, older adults (% of population ages 25+)
Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, poorest 40% (% of population ages 15+)
Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, primary education or less (% of population ages 15+)
Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, richest 60% (% of population ages 15+)
Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, secondary education or more (% of population ages 15+)
Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, young adults (% of population ages 15-24)
Adequacy of social insurance programs (% of total welfare of beneficiary households)
Adequacy of social protection and labor programs (% of total welfare of beneficiary households)
Adequacy of social safety net programs (% of total welfare of beneficiary households)
Adequacy of unemployment benefits and ALMP (% of total welfare of beneficiary households)
Adjusted net enrollment rate, primary (% of primary school age children)
Adjusted net enrollment rate, primary, female (% of primary school age children)
Adjusted net enrollment rate, primary, male (% of primary school age children)
Adjusted net national income (annual % growth)
Adjusted net national income (constant 2015 US$)
Adjusted net national income (current US$)
Adjusted net national income per capita (annual % growth)
Adjusted net national income per capita (constant 2015 US$)
Adjusted net national income per capita (current US$)
Adjusted net savings, excluding particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings, excluding particulate emission damage (current US$)
Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (current US$)
Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (current US$)
Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital (current US$)
Adjusted savings: education expenditure (% of GNI)
Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)
Adjusted savings: energy depletion (% of GNI)
Adjusted savings: energy depletion (current US$)
Adjusted savings: gross savings (% of GNI)
Adjusted savings: mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Adjusted savings: mineral depletion (current US$)
Adjusted savings: natural resources depletion (% of GNI)
Adjusted savings: net forest depletion (% of GNI)
Adjusted savings: net forest depletion (current US$)
Adjusted savings: net national savings (% of GNI)
Adjusted savings: net national savings (current US$)
Adjusted savings: particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted savings: particulate emission damage (current US$)
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
Adolescents out of school (% of lower secondary school age)
Adolescents out of school, female (% of female lower secondary school age)
Adolescents out of school, male (% of male lower secondary school age)
Adults (ages 15+) and children (ages 0-14) newly infected with HIV
Adults (ages 15-49) newly infected with HIV
Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population)
Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population)
Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population)
Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land)
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Agricultural land (sq. km)
Agricultural raw materials exports (% of merchandise exports)
Agricultural raw materials imports (% of merchandise imports)
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (annual % growth)
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (constant 2015 US$)
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current US$)
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added per worker (constant 2015 US$)
Air transport, freight (million ton-km)
Air transport, passengers carried
Air transport, registered carrier departures worldwide
Annual freshwater withdrawals, agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Annual freshwater withdrawals, domestic (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Annual freshwater withdrawals, industry (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)
Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (billion cubic meters)
Annualized average growth rate in per capita real survey mean consumption or income, bottom 40% of population (%)
Annualized average growth rate in per capita real survey mean consumption or income, total population (%)
Antiretroviral therapy coverage (% of people living with HIV)
Antiretroviral therapy coverage for PMTCT (% of pregnant women living with HIV)
Aquaculture production (metric tons)
Arable land (% of land area)
Arable land (hectares per person)
Arable land (hectares)
ARI treatment (% of children under 5 taken to a health provider)
Armed forces personnel (% of total labor force)
Armed forces personnel, total
Arms exports (SIPRI trend indicator values)
Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values)
Automated teller machines (ATMs) (per 100,000 adults)
Average precipitation in depth (mm per year)
Average time to clear exports through customs (days)
Average transaction cost of sending remittances from a specific country (%)
Average transaction cost of sending remittances to a specific country (%)
Bank capital to assets ratio (%)
Bank liquid reserves to bank assets ratio (%)
Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)
Battle-related deaths (number of people)
Benefit incidence of social insurance programs to poorest quintile (% of total social insurance benefits)
Benefit incidence of social protection and labor programs to poorest quintile (% of total SPL benefits)
Benefit incidence of social safety net programs to poorest quintile (% of total safety net benefits)
Benefit incidence of unemployment benefits and ALMP to poorest quintile (% of total U/ALMP benefits)
Binding coverage, all products (%)
Binding coverage, manufactured products (%)
Binding coverage, primary products (%)
Bird species, threatened
Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people)
Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)
Borrowers from commercial banks (per 1,000 adults)
Bound rate, simple mean, all products (%)
Bound rate, simple mean, manufactured products (%)
Bound rate, simple mean, primary products (%)
Bribery incidence (% of firms experiencing at least one bribe payment request)
Broad money (% of GDP)
Broad money growth (annual %)
Broad money to total reserves ratio
Capture fisheries production (metric tons)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Building (Energy) (Mt CO2e)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Fugitive Emissions (Energy) (Mt CO2e)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Industrial Combustion (Energy) (Mt CO2e)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Industrial Processes (Mt CO2e)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Power Industry (Energy) (Mt CO2e)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Transport (Energy) (Mt CO2e)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Waste (Mt CO2e)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Deforestation (Mt CO2e)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Forest Land (Mt CO2e)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Organic Soil (Mt CO2e)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Other Land (Mt CO2e)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) net fluxes from LULUCF - Total excluding non-tropical fires (Mt CO2e)
Carbon intensity of GDP (kg CO2e per 2021 PPP $ of GDP)
Carbon intensity of GDP (kg CO2e per constant 2015 US$ of GDP)
Cause of death, by communicable diseases and maternal, prenatal and nutrition conditions (% of total)
Cause of death, by injury (% of total)
Cause of death, by non-communicable diseases (% of total)
Central government debt, total (% of GDP)
Cereal production (metric tons)
Cereal yield (kg per hectare)
Changes in inventories (current US$)
Charges for the use of intellectual property, payments (BoP, current US$)
Charges for the use of intellectual property, receipts (BoP, current US$)
Chemicals (% of value added in manufacturing)
Children (0-14) living with HIV
Children (ages 0-14) newly infected with HIV
Children out of school (% of primary school age)
Children out of school, female (% of female primary school age)
Children out of school, male (% of male primary school age)
Children out of school, primary
Children out of school, primary, female
Children out of school, primary, male
Children with fever receiving antimalarial drugs (% of children under age 5 with fever)
Claims on central government (annual growth as % of broad money)
Claims on central government, etc. (% GDP)
Claims on other sectors of the domestic economy (% of GDP)
Claims on other sectors of the domestic economy (annual growth as % of broad money)
Claims on private sector (annual growth as % of broad money)
Coal rents (% of GDP)
Commercial bank branches (per 100,000 adults)
Commercial banks and other lending (PPG + PNG) (NFL, current US$)
Commercial service exports (current US$)
Commercial service imports (current US$)
Communications, computer, etc. (% of service exports, BoP)
Communications, computer, etc. (% of service imports, BoP)
Compensation of employees (% of expense)
Completeness of birth registration (%)
Completeness of birth registration, female (%)
Completeness of birth registration, male (%)
Completeness of birth registration, rural (%)
Completeness of birth registration, urban (%)
Compulsory education, duration (years)
Computer, communications and other services (% of commercial service exports)
Computer, communications and other services (% of commercial service imports)
Consumer price index (2010 = 100)
Consumption of iodized salt (% of households)
Container port traffic (TEU: 20 foot equivalent units)
Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)
Contraceptive prevalence, any modern method (% of married women ages 15-49)
Control of Corruption
Control of Corruption: Number of Sources
Coverage of social insurance programs (% of population)
Coverage of social insurance programs in 2nd quintile (% of population)
Coverage of social insurance programs in 3rd quintile (% of population)
Coverage of social insurance programs in 4th quintile (% of population)
Coverage of social insurance programs in poorest quintile (% of population)
Coverage of social insurance programs in richest quintile (% of population)
Coverage of social protection and labor programs (% of population)
Coverage of social safety net programs (% of population)
Coverage of social safety net programs in 2nd quintile (% of population)
Coverage of social safety net programs in 3rd quintile (% of population)
Coverage of social safety net programs in 4th quintile (% of population)
Coverage of social safety net programs in poorest quintile (% of population)
Coverage of social safety net programs in richest quintile (% of population)
Coverage of unemployment benefits and ALMP (% of population)
Coverage of unemployment benefits and ALMP in 2nd quintile (% of population)
Coverage of unemployment benefits and ALMP in 3rd quintile (% of population)
Coverage of unemployment benefits and ALMP in 4th quintile (% of population)
Coverage of unemployment benefits and ALMP in poorest quintile (% of population)
Coverage of unemployment benefits and ALMP in richest quintile (% of population)
CPIA building human resources rating (1=low to 6=high)
CPIA business regulatory environment rating (1=low to 6=high)
CPIA debt policy rating (1=low to 6=high)
CPIA economic management cluster average (1=low to 6=high)
CPIA efficiency of revenue mobilization rating (1=low to 6=high)
CPIA equity of public resource use rating (1=low to 6=high)
CPIA financial sector rating (1=low to 6=high)
CPIA fiscal policy rating (1=low to 6=high)
CPIA gender equality rating (1=low to 6=high)
CPIA macroeconomic management rating (1=low to 6=high)
CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average (1=low to 6=high)
CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating (1=low to 6=high)
CPIA property rights and rule-based governance rating (1=low to 6=high)
CPIA public sector management and institutions cluster average (1=low to 6=high)
CPIA quality of budgetary and financial management rating (1=low to 6=high)
CPIA quality of public administration rating (1=low to 6=high)
CPIA social protection rating (1=low to 6=high)
CPIA structural policies cluster average (1=low to 6=high)
CPIA trade rating (1=low to 6=high)
CPIA transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector rating (1=low to 6=high)
Crop production index (2014-2016 = 100)
Current account balance (% of GDP)
Current account balance (BoP, current US$)
Current education expenditure, primary (% of total expenditure in primary public institutions)
Current education expenditure, secondary (% of total expenditure in secondary public institutions)
Current education expenditure, tertiary (% of total expenditure in tertiary public institutions)
Current education expenditure, total (% of total expenditure in public institutions)
Current health expenditure (% of GDP)
Current health expenditure per capita (current US$)
Current health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international US$)
Customs and other import duties (% of tax revenue)
Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people)
Debt service (PPG and IMF only, % of exports of goods, services and primary income)
Debt service on external debt, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (TDS, current US$)
Debt service on external debt, total (TDS, current US$)
Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of married women with demand for family planning)
Deposit interest rate (%)
Depositors with commercial banks (per 1,000 adults)
Diabetes prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79)
Diarrhea treatment (% of children under 5 receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding)
Diarrhea treatment (% of children under 5 who received ORS packet)
Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP)
Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP)
Domestic credit to private sector by banks (% of GDP)
Domestic general government health expenditure (% of current health expenditure)
Domestic general government health expenditure (% of GDP)
Domestic general government health expenditure (% of general government expenditure)
Domestic general government health expenditure per capita (current US$)
Domestic general government health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international US$)
Domestic private health expenditure (% of current health expenditure)
Domestic private health expenditure per capita (current US$)
Domestic private health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international US$)
Educational attainment, at least Bachelor's or equivalent, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least Bachelor's or equivalent, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least Bachelor's or equivalent, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least completed lower secondary, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least completed lower secondary, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least completed lower secondary, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least completed post-secondary, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least completed post-secondary, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least completed post-secondary, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least completed primary, population 25+ years, female (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least completed primary, population 25+ years, male (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least completed primary, population 25+ years, total (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least completed short-cycle tertiary, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least completed short-cycle tertiary, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least completed short-cycle tertiary, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least completed upper secondary, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least completed upper secondary, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least completed upper secondary, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least Master's or equivalent, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least Master's or equivalent, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, at least Master's or equivalent, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, Doctoral or equivalent, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, Doctoral or equivalent, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative)
Educational attainment, Doctoral or equivalent, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative)
Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)
Employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%)
Employment to population ratio, 15+, male (%)
Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%)
Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, female (%)
Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%)
Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%)
Energy intensity level of primary energy (MJ/$2017 PPP GDP)
Exclusive breastfeeding (% of children under 6 months)
Expenditure on primary education (% of government expenditure on education)
Expenditure on secondary education (% of government expenditure on education)
Expenditure on tertiary education (% of government expenditure on education)
Expense (% of GDP)
Export unit value index (2015 = 100)
Export value index (2015 = 100)
Export volume index (2015 = 100)
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Exports of goods and services (annual % growth)
Exports of goods and services (BoP, current US$)
Exports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$)
Exports of goods and services (current US$)
Exports of goods, services and primary income (BoP, current US$)
External balance on goods and services (% of GDP)
External balance on goods and services (current US$)
External debt stocks (% of GNI)
External debt stocks, long-term (DOD, current US$)
External debt stocks, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (DOD, current US$)
External debt stocks, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (DOD, current US$)
External debt stocks, short-term (DOD, current US$)
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$)
External health expenditure (% of current health expenditure)
External health expenditure per capita (current US$)
External health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international US$)
F-gases emissions from Industrial Processes (Mt CO2e)
Female genital mutilation prevalence (%)
Female headed households (% of households with a female head)
Female share of employment in senior and middle management (%)
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
Fertilizer consumption (% of fertilizer production)
Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land)
Final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)
Final consumption expenditure (annual % growth)
Final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$)
Final consumption expenditure (current US$)
Firms competing against unregistered firms (% of firms)
Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (% of firms)
Firms experiencing electrical outages (% of firms)
Firms formally registered when operations started (% of firms)
Firms offering formal training (% of firms)
Firms using banks to finance investment (% of firms)
Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms)
Firms visited or required meetings with tax officials (% of firms)
Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms)
Firms with female top manager (% of firms)
Fish species, threatened
Fixed broadband subscriptions
Fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100 people)
Fixed telephone subscriptions
Fixed telephone subscriptions (per 100 people)
Food exports (% of merchandise exports)
Food imports (% of merchandise imports)
Food production index (2014-2016 = 100)
Food, beverages and tobacco (% of value added in manufacturing)
Foreign direct investment, net (BoP, current US$)
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$)
Foreign direct investment, net outflows (% of GDP)
Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$)
Forest area (% of land area)
Forest area (sq. km)
Forest rents (% of GDP)
Fuel exports (% of merchandise exports)
Fuel imports (% of merchandise imports)
GDP (constant 2015 US$)
GDP (current US$)
GDP growth (annual %)
GDP per capita (constant 2015 US$)
GDP per capita (current US$)
GDP per capita growth (annual %)
GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2021 international $)
GDP per capita, PPP (current international US$)
GDP per person employed (constant 2021 PPP $)
GDP, PPP (constant 2021 international $)
GDP, PPP (current international US$)
General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)
General government final consumption expenditure (annual % growth)
General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$)
General government final consumption expenditure (current US$)
Gini index
GNI (constant 2015 US$)
GNI (current US$)
GNI growth (annual %)
GNI per capita (constant 2015 US$)
GNI per capita growth (annual %)
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
GNI per capita, PPP (constant 2021 international $)
GNI per capita, PPP (current international US$)
GNI, Atlas method (current US$)
GNI, PPP (constant 2021 international $)
GNI, PPP (current international US$)
Goods and services expense (% of expense)
Goods exports (BoP, current US$)
Goods imports (BoP, current US$)
Government Effectiveness
Government Effectiveness: Number of Sources
Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP)
Government expenditure on education, total (% of government expenditure)
Government expenditure per student, primary (% of GDP per capita)
Government expenditure per student, secondary (% of GDP per capita)
Government expenditure per student, tertiary (% of GDP per capita)
Grants and other revenue (% of revenue)
Grants, excluding technical cooperation (BoP, current US$)
Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
Gross capital formation (annual % growth)
Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$)
Gross capital formation (current US$)
Gross domestic savings (% of GDP)
Gross domestic savings (current US$)
Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)
Gross fixed capital formation (annual % growth)
Gross fixed capital formation (constant 2015 US$)
Gross fixed capital formation (current US$)
Gross fixed capital formation, private sector (% of GDP)
Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, female (% of relevant age group)
Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, male (% of relevant age group)
Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, total (% of relevant age group)
Gross national expenditure (% of GDP)
Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$)
Gross national expenditure (current US$)
Gross national expenditure deflator (base year varies by country)
Gross savings (% of GDP)
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Gross savings (current US$)
Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (constant 2015 US$)
Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current US$)
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports)
High-technology exports (current US$)
Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)
Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (annual % growth)
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$)
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (current US$)
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure per capita (constant 2015 US$)
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure per capita growth (annual %)
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (constant 2021 international $)
Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (current international US$)
Human Capital Index (HCI) (scale 0-1)
Human Capital Index (HCI), Female (scale 0-1)
Human Capital Index (HCI), Female, Lower Bound (scale 0-1)
Human Capital Index (HCI), Female, Upper Bound (scale 0-1)
Human Capital Index (HCI), Lower Bound (scale 0-1)
Human Capital Index (HCI), Male (scale 0-1)
Human Capital Index (HCI), Male, Lower Bound (scale 0-1)
Human Capital Index (HCI), Male, Upper Bound (scale 0-1)
Human Capital Index (HCI), Upper Bound (scale 0-1)
IBRD loans and IDA credits (DOD, current US$)
ICT goods exports (% of total goods exports)
ICT goods imports (% total goods imports)
ICT service exports (% of service exports, BoP)
ICT service exports (BoP, current US$)
IDA resource allocation index (1=low to 6=high)
IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, US$)
IMF repurchases and charges (TDS, current US$)
Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months)
Immunization, HepB3 (% of one-year-old children)
Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)
Import unit value index (2015 = 100)
Import value index (2015 = 100)
Import volume index (2015 = 100)
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Imports of goods and services (annual % growth)
Imports of goods and services (BoP, current US$)
Imports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$)
Imports of goods and services (current US$)
Imports of goods, services and primary income (BoP, current US$)
Incidence of HIV, ages 15-24 (per 1,000 uninfected population ages 15-24)
Incidence of HIV, ages 15-49 (per 1,000 uninfected population ages 15-49)
Incidence of HIV, all (per 1,000 uninfected population)
Incidence of malaria (per 1,000 population at risk)
Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people)
Income share held by fourth 20%
Income share held by highest 10%
Income share held by highest 20%
Income share held by lowest 10%
Income share held by lowest 20%
Income share held by second 20%
Income share held by third 20%
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
Individuals using the Internet, female (% of female population)
Individuals using the Internet, male (% of male population)
Industrial design applications, nonresident, by count
Industrial design applications, resident, by count
Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)
Industry (including construction), value added (annual % growth)
Industry (including construction), value added (constant 2015 US$)
Industry (including construction), value added (current US$)
Industry (including construction), value added per worker (constant 2015 US$)
Inflation, consumer prices (annual %)
Informal payments to public officials (% of firms)
Insurance and financial services (% of commercial service exports)
Insurance and financial services (% of commercial service imports)
Insurance and financial services (% of service exports, BoP)
Insurance and financial services (% of service imports, BoP)
Intentional homicides (per 100,000 people)
Intentional homicides, female (per 100,000 female)
Intentional homicides, male (per 100,000 male)
Interest payments (% of expense)
Interest payments (% of revenue)
Interest rate spread (lending rate minus deposit rate, %)
Internally displaced persons, new displacement associated with conflict and violence (number of cases)
Internally displaced persons, new displacement associated with disasters (number of cases)
Internally displaced persons, total displaced by conflict and violence (number of people)
International tourism, expenditures (% of total imports)
International tourism, expenditures (current US$)
International tourism, expenditures for passenger transport items (current US$)
International tourism, expenditures for travel items (current US$)
International tourism, number of arrivals
International tourism, number of departures
International tourism, receipts (% of total exports)
International tourism, receipts (current US$)
International tourism, receipts for passenger transport items (current US$)
International tourism, receipts for travel items (current US$)
Investment in energy with private participation (current US$)
Investment in ICT with private participation (current US$)
Investment in transport with private participation (current US$)
Investment in water and sanitation with private participation (current US$)
Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%)
Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%)
Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%)
Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+)
Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+)
Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+)
Labor force with advanced education (% of total working-age population with advanced education)
Labor force with advanced education, female (% of female working-age population with advanced education)
Labor force with advanced education, male (% of male working-age population with advanced education)
Labor force with basic education (% of total working-age population with basic education)
Labor force with basic education, female (% of female working-age population with basic education)
Labor force with basic education, male (% of male working-age population with basic education)
Labor force with intermediate education (% of total working-age population with intermediate education)
Labor force with intermediate education, female (% of female working-age population with intermediate education)
Labor force with intermediate education, male (% of male working-age population with intermediate education)
Labor force, female (% of total labor force)
Labor force, total
Land area (sq. km)
Land under cereal production (hectares)
Lead time to export, median case (days)
Lead time to import, median case (days)
Learning poverty: Share of Female Children at the End-of-Primary age below minimum reading proficiency adjusted by Out-of-School Children (%)
Learning poverty: Share of Male Children at the End-of-Primary age below minimum reading proficiency adjusted by Out-of-School Children (%)
Lending interest rate (%)
Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
Life expectancy at birth, female (years)
Life expectancy at birth, male (years)
Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
Lifetime risk of maternal death (%)
Lifetime risk of maternal death (1 in: rate varies by country)
Liner shipping connectivity index (maximum value in 2004 = 100)
Listed domestic companies, total
Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above)
Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above)
Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above)
Literacy rate, youth (ages 15-24), gender parity index (GPI)
Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15-24)
Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15-24)
Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages 15-24)
Livestock production index (2014-2016 = 100)
Logistics performance index: Ability to track and trace consignments (1=low to 5=high)
Logistics performance index: Competence and quality of logistics services (1=low to 5=high)
Logistics performance index: Ease of arranging competitively priced shipments (1=low to 5=high)
Logistics performance index: Efficiency of customs clearance process (1=low to 5=high)
Logistics performance index: Frequency with which shipments reach consignee within scheduled or expected time (1=low to 5=high)
Logistics performance index: Overall (1=low to 5=high)
Logistics performance index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (1=low to 5=high)
Low-birthweight babies (% of births)
Lower secondary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group)
Lower secondary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group)
Lower secondary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
Lower secondary school starting age (years)
Machinery and transport equipment (% of value added in manufacturing)
Mammal species, threatened
Manufactures exports (% of merchandise exports)
Manufactures imports (% of merchandise imports)
Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP)
Manufacturing, value added (annual % growth)
Manufacturing, value added (constant 2015 US$)
Manufacturing, value added (current US$)
Marine protected areas (% of territorial waters)
Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (% of GDP)
Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (current US$)
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)
Medium and high-tech exports (% manufactured exports)
Medium and high-tech manufacturing value added (% manufacturing value added)
Merchandise exports (current US$)
Merchandise exports by the reporting economy (current US$)
Merchandise exports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise exports)
Merchandise exports to economies in the Arab World (% of total merchandise exports)
Merchandise exports to high-income economies (% of total merchandise exports)
Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in East Asia & Pacific (% of total merchandise exports)
Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Europe & Central Asia (% of total merchandise exports)
Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Latin America & the Caribbean (% of total merchandise exports)
Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Middle East & North Africa (% of total merchandise exports)
Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise exports)
Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa (% of total merchandise exports)
Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies outside region (% of total merchandise exports)
Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise exports)
Merchandise imports (current US$)
Merchandise imports by the reporting economy (current US$)
Merchandise imports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise imports)
Merchandise imports from economies in the Arab World (% of total merchandise imports)
Merchandise imports from high-income economies (% of total merchandise imports)
Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in East Asia & Pacific (% of total merchandise imports)
Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Europe & Central Asia (% of total merchandise imports)
Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Latin America & the Caribbean (% of total merchandise imports)
Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Middle East & North Africa (% of total merchandise imports)
Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise imports)
Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa (% of total merchandise imports)
Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies outside region (% of total merchandise imports)
Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise imports)
Merchandise trade (% of GDP)
Methane (CH4) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990)
Methane (CH4) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions from Building (Energy) (Mt CO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions from Fugitive Emissions (Energy) (Mt CO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions from Industrial Combustion (Energy) (Mt CO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions from Industrial Processes (Mt CO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions from Power Industry (Energy) (Mt CO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions from Transport (Energy) (Mt CO2e)
Methane (CH4) emissions from Waste (Mt CO2e)
Military expenditure (% of GDP)
Military expenditure (% of general government expenditure)
Military expenditure (current US$)
Mineral rents (% of GDP)
Mobile cellular subscriptions
Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)
Monetary Sector credit to private sector (% GDP)
Mortality caused by road traffic injury (per 100,000 population)
Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD between exact ages 30 and 70 (%)
Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD between exact ages 30 and 70, female (%)
Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD between exact ages 30 and 70, male (%)
Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution, age-standardized (per 100,000 population)
Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution, age-standardized, female (per 100,000 female population)
Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution, age-standardized, male (per 100,000 male population)
Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning (per 100,000 population)
Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning, female (per 100,000 female population)
Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning, male (per 100,000 male population)
Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (per 100,000 population)
Mortality rate, adult, female (per 1,000 female adults)
Mortality rate, adult, male (per 1,000 male adults)
Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births)
Mortality rate, infant, female (per 1,000 live births)
Mortality rate, infant, male (per 1,000 live births)
Mortality rate, neonatal (per 1,000 live births)
Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)
Mortality rate, under-5, female (per 1,000 live births)
Mortality rate, under-5, male (per 1,000 live births)
Multilateral debt service (% of public and publicly guaranteed debt service)
Multilateral debt service (TDS, current US$)
Natural gas rents (% of GDP)
Net acquisition of financial assets (% of GDP)
Net barter terms of trade index (2015 = 100)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Australia (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Austria (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Belgium (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Canada (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Czechia (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Denmark (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, European Union institutions (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Finland (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, France (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Germany (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Greece (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Hungary (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Iceland (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Ireland (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Italy (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Japan (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Korea, Rep. (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Luxembourg (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Netherlands (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, New Zealand (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Norway (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Poland (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Portugal (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Slovak Republic (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Slovenia (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Spain (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Sweden (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Switzerland (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Total (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, United Kingdom (current US$)
Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, United States (current US$)
Net capital account (BoP, current US$)
Net financial account (BoP, current US$)
Net financial flows, bilateral (NFL, current US$)
Net financial flows, IBRD (NFL, current US$)
Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$)
Net financial flows, IMF concessional (NFL, current US$)
Net financial flows, IMF nonconcessional (NFL, current US$)
Net financial flows, multilateral (NFL, current US$)
Net financial flows, others (NFL, current US$)
Net financial flows, RDB concessional (NFL, current US$)
Net financial flows, RDB nonconcessional (NFL, current US$)
Net flows on external debt, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (NFL, current US$)
Net incurrence of liabilities, total (% of GDP)
Net intake rate in grade 1 (% of official school-age population)
Net intake rate in grade 1, female (% of official school-age population)
Net intake rate in grade 1, male (% of official school-age population)
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
Net migration
Net ODA received (% of central government expense)
Net ODA received (% of GNI)
Net ODA received (% of gross capital formation)
Net ODA received (% of imports of goods, services and primary income)
Net ODA received per capita (current US$)
Net official aid received (constant 2021 US$)
Net official aid received (current US$)
Net official development assistance and official aid received (constant 2021 US$)
Net official development assistance and official aid received (current US$)
Net official development assistance received (constant 2021 US$)
Net official development assistance received (current US$)
Net official flows from UN agencies, FAO (current US$)
Net official flows from UN agencies, IAEA (current US$)
Net official flows from UN agencies, IFAD (current US$)
Net official flows from UN agencies, ILO (current US$)
Net official flows from UN agencies, UNAIDS (current US$)
Net official flows from UN agencies, UNDP (current US$)
Net official flows from UN agencies, UNEP (current US$)
Net official flows from UN agencies, UNFPA (current US$)
Net official flows from UN agencies, UNHCR (current US$)
Net official flows from UN agencies, UNICEF (current US$)
Net official flows from UN agencies, UNIDIR (current US$)
Net official flows from UN agencies, UNPBF (current US$)
Net official flows from UN agencies, UNRWA (current US$)
Net official flows from UN agencies, WFP (current US$)
Net official flows from UN agencies, WHO (current US$)
Net primary income (BoP, current US$)
Net primary income (Net income from abroad) (current US$)
Net secondary income (BoP, current US$)
Net secondary income (Net current transfers from abroad) (current US$)
Net trade in goods (BoP, current US$)
Net trade in goods and services (BoP, current US$)
New business density (new registrations per 1,000 people ages 15-64)
New businesses registered (number)
Newborns protected against tetanus (%)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (total) excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Agriculture (Mt CO2e)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Building (Energy) (Mt CO2e)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Fugitive Emissions (Energy) (Mt CO2e)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Industrial Combustion (Energy) (Mt CO2e)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Industrial Processes (Mt CO2e)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Power Industry (Energy) (Mt CO2e)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Transport (Energy) (Mt CO2e)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Waste (Mt CO2e)
Number of deaths ages 10-14 years
Number of deaths ages 15-19 years
Number of deaths ages 20-24 years
Number of deaths ages 5-9 years
Number of infant deaths
Number of maternal deaths
Number of neonatal deaths
Number of surgical procedures (per 100,000 population)
Number of under-five deaths
Number of visits or required meetings with tax officials (average for affected firms)
Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people)
Oil rents (% of GDP)
Ores and metals exports (% of merchandise exports)
Ores and metals imports (% of merchandise imports)
Other expense (% of expense)
Other manufacturing (% of value added in manufacturing)
Other taxes (% of revenue)
Out-of-pocket expenditure (% of current health expenditure)
Out-of-pocket expenditure per capita (current US$)
Out-of-pocket expenditure per capita, PPP (current international US$)
Over-age students, primary (% of enrollment)
Over-age students, primary, female (% of female enrollment)
Over-age students, primary, male (% of male enrollment)
Part time employment, female (% of total female employment)
Part time employment, male (% of total male employment)
Part time employment, total (% of total employment)
Patent applications, nonresidents
Patent applications, residents
People practicing open defecation (% of population)
People practicing open defecation, rural (% of rural population)
People practicing open defecation, urban (% of urban population)
People using at least basic drinking water services (% of population)
People using at least basic drinking water services, rural (% of rural population)
People using at least basic drinking water services, urban (% of urban population)
People using at least basic sanitation services (% of population)
People using at least basic sanitation services, rural (% of rural population)
People using at least basic sanitation services, urban (% of urban population)
People using safely managed drinking water services (% of population)
People using safely managed drinking water services, rural (% of rural population)
People using safely managed drinking water services, urban (% of urban population)
People using safely managed sanitation services (% of population)
People using safely managed sanitation services, rural (% of rural population)
People using safely managed sanitation services, urban (% of urban population)
People with basic handwashing facilities including soap and water (% of population)
People with basic handwashing facilities including soap and water, rural (% of rural population)
People with basic handwashing facilities including soap and water, urban (% of urban population)
Permanent cropland (% of land area)
Persistence to grade 5, female (% of cohort)
Persistence to grade 5, male (% of cohort)
Persistence to grade 5, total (% of cohort)
Persistence to last grade of primary, female (% of cohort)
Persistence to last grade of primary, male (% of cohort)
Persistence to last grade of primary, total (% of cohort)
Personal remittances, paid (current US$)
Personal remittances, received (% of GDP)
Personal remittances, received (current US$)
Personal transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$)
Physicians (per 1,000 people)
Plant species (higher), threatened
PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter)
PM2.5 air pollution, population exposed to levels exceeding WHO guideline value (% of total)
PNG, bonds (NFL, current US$)
PNG, commercial banks and other creditors (NFL, current US$)
Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism
Population ages 0-14 (% of total population)
Population ages 0-14, female
Population ages 0-14, female (% of female population)
Population ages 0-14, male
Population ages 0-14, male (% of male population)
Population ages 0-14, total
Population ages 00-04, female (% of female population)
Population ages 00-04, male (% of male population)
Population ages 05-09, female (% of female population)
Population ages 05-09, male (% of male population)
Population ages 10-14, female (% of female population)
Population ages 10-14, male (% of male population)
Population ages 15-19, female (% of female population)
Population ages 15-19, male (% of male population)
Population ages 15-64 (% of total population)
Population ages 15-64, female
Population ages 15-64, female (% of female population)
Population ages 15-64, male
Population ages 15-64, male (% of male population)
Population ages 15-64, total
Population ages 20-24, female (% of female population)
Population ages 20-24, male (% of male population)
Population ages 25-29, female (% of female population)
Population ages 25-29, male (% of male population)
Population ages 30-34, female (% of female population)
Population ages 30-34, male (% of male population)
Population ages 35-39, female (% of female population)
Population ages 35-39, male (% of male population)
Population ages 40-44, female (% of female population)
Population ages 40-44, male (% of male population)
Population ages 45-49, female (% of female population)
Population ages 45-49, male (% of male population)
Population ages 50-54, female (% of female population)
Population ages 50-54, male (% of male population)
Population ages 55-59, female (% of female population)
Population ages 55-59, male (% of male population)
Population ages 60-64, female (% of female population)
Population ages 60-64, male (% of male population)
Population ages 65 and above (% of total population)
Population ages 65 and above, female
Population ages 65 and above, female (% of female population)
Population ages 65 and above, male
Population ages 65 and above, male (% of male population)
Population ages 65 and above, total
Population ages 65-69, female (% of female population)
Population ages 65-69, male (% of male population)
Population ages 70-74, female (% of female population)
Population ages 70-74, male (% of male population)
Population ages 75-79, female (% of female population)
Population ages 75-79, male (% of male population)
Population ages 80 and above, female (% of female population)
Population ages 80 and above, male (% of male population)
Population density (people per sq. km of land area)
Population growth (annual %)
Population in largest city
Population in the largest city (% of urban population)
Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million
Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population)
Population living in slums (% of urban population)
Population, female
Population, female (% of total population)
Population, male
Population, male (% of total population)
Population, total
Portfolio equity, net inflows (BoP, current US$)
Portfolio investment, bonds (PPG + PNG) (NFL, current US$)
Portfolio Investment, net (BoP, current US$)
Poverty gap at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (%)
Poverty gap at $3.65 a day (2017 PPP) (%)
Poverty gap at $6.85 a day (2017 PPP) (%)
Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
Poverty headcount ratio at $6.85 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)
Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)
PPG, bonds (NFL, current US$)
PPG, commercial banks (NFL, current US$)
PPG, IBRD (DOD, current US$)
PPG, IDA (DOD, current US$)
PPG, official creditors (NFL, US$)
PPG, other private creditors (NFL, current US$)
PPG, private creditors (NFL, US$)
Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%)
Preprimary education, duration (years)
Present value of external debt (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
Present value of external debt (% of GNI)
Present value of external debt (current US$)
Prevalence of anemia among children (% of children ages 6-59 months)
Prevalence of anemia among non-pregnant women (% of women ages 15-49)
Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women (%)
Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age (% of women ages 15-49)
Prevalence of current tobacco use (% of adults)
Prevalence of current tobacco use, females (% of female adults)
Prevalence of current tobacco use, males (% of male adults)
Prevalence of HIV, female (% ages 15-24)
Prevalence of HIV, male (% ages 15-24)
Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)
Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population (%)
Prevalence of overweight, weight for height (% of children under 5)
Prevalence of overweight, weight for height, female (% of children under 5)
Prevalence of overweight, weight for height, male (% of children under 5)
Prevalence of severe food insecurity in the population (%)
Prevalence of severe wasting, weight for height (% of children under 5)
Prevalence of severe wasting, weight for height, female (% of children under 5)
Prevalence of severe wasting, weight for height, male (% of children under 5)
Prevalence of stunting, height for age (% of children under 5)
Prevalence of stunting, height for age, female (% of children under 5)
Prevalence of stunting, height for age, male (% of children under 5)
Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population)
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age, female (% of children under 5)
Prevalence of underweight, weight for age, male (% of children under 5)
Prevalence of wasting, weight for height (% of children under 5)
Prevalence of wasting, weight for height, female (% of children under 5)
Prevalence of wasting, weight for height, male (% of children under 5)
Price level ratio of PPP conversion factor (GDP) to market exchange rate
Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group)
Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group)
Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)
Primary education, duration (years)
Primary education, pupils
Primary education, pupils (% female)
Primary education, teachers
Primary education, teachers (% female)
Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%)
Primary income payments (BoP, current US$)
Primary income receipts (BoP, current US$)
Primary school starting age (years)
Probability of dying among adolescents ages 10-14 years (per 1,000)
Probability of dying among adolescents ages 15-19 years (per 1,000)
Probability of dying among children ages 5-9 years (per 1,000)
Probability of dying among youth ages 20-24 years (per 1,000)
Progression to secondary school (%)
Progression to secondary school, female (%)
Progression to secondary school, male (%)
Proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income (%)
Proportion of population pushed below the $2.15 ($ 2017 PPP) poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)
Proportion of population pushed below the $3.65 ($ 2017 PPP) poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)
Proportion of population pushed below the 60% median consumption poverty line by out-of-pocket health expenditure (%)
Proportion of population pushed further below the $2.15 ($ 2017 PPP) poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)
Proportion of population pushed further below the $3.65 ($ 2017 PPP) poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)
Proportion of population pushed further below the 60% median consumption poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)
Proportion of population pushed or further pushed below the $2.15 ($ 2017 PPP) poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)
Proportion of population pushed or further pushed below the $3.65 ($ 2017 PPP) poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)
Proportion of population pushed or further pushed below the 60% median consumption poverty line by out-of-pocket health expenditure (%)
Proportion of population spending more than 10% of household consumption or income on out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)
Proportion of population spending more than 25% of household consumption or income on out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)
Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%)
Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, female (% of 24 hour day)
Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, male (% of 24 hour day)
Public and publicly guaranteed debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
Public and publicly guaranteed debt service (% of GNI)
Public private partnerships investment in energy (current US$)
Public private partnerships investment in ICT (current US$)
Public private partnerships investment in transport (current US$)
Public private partnerships investment in water and sanitation (current US$)
Pupil-teacher ratio, lower secondary
Pupil-teacher ratio, preprimary
Pupil-teacher ratio, primary
Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary
Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary
Pupil-teacher ratio, upper secondary
Rail lines (total route-km)
Railways, goods transported (million ton-km)
Railways, passengers carried (million passenger-km)
Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%)
Real effective exchange rate index (2010 = 100)
Real interest rate (%)
Regulatory Quality
Regulatory Quality: Number of Sources
Renewable electricity output (% of total electricity output)
Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption)
Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (cubic meters)
Renewable internal freshwater resources, total (billion cubic meters)
Repeaters, primary, female (% of female enrollment)
Repeaters, primary, male (% of male enrollment)
Repeaters, primary, total (% of total enrollment)
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
Researchers in R&D (per million people)
Reserves and related items (BoP, current US$)
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)
Risk of catastrophic expenditure for surgical care (% of people at risk)
Risk of impoverishing expenditure for surgical care (% of people at risk)
Risk premium on lending (lending rate minus treasury bill rate, %)
Rule of Law
Rule of Law: Number of Sources
Rural population
Rural population (% of total population)
Rural population growth (annual %)
S&P Global Equity Indices (annual % change)
School enrollment, preprimary (% gross)
School enrollment, preprimary, female (% gross)
School enrollment, preprimary, male (% gross)
School enrollment, primary (% gross)
School enrollment, primary (% net)
School enrollment, primary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)
School enrollment, primary, female (% net)
School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)
School enrollment, primary, male (% net)
School enrollment, primary, private (% of total primary)
School enrollment, secondary (% gross)
School enrollment, secondary (% net)
School enrollment, secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
School enrollment, secondary, female (% gross)
School enrollment, secondary, female (% net)
School enrollment, secondary, male (% gross)
School enrollment, secondary, male (% net)
School enrollment, secondary, private (% of total secondary)
School enrollment, tertiary (% gross)
School enrollment, tertiary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)
School enrollment, tertiary, female (% gross)
School enrollment, tertiary, male (% gross)
Scientific and technical journal articles
Secondary education, duration (years)
Secondary education, general pupils
Secondary education, general pupils (% female)
Secondary education, pupils
Secondary education, pupils (% female)
Secondary education, teachers
Secondary education, teachers (% female)
Secondary education, teachers, female
Secondary education, vocational pupils
Secondary education, vocational pupils (% female)
Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$)
Secondary income, other sectors, payments (BoP, current US$)
Secure Internet servers
Secure Internet servers (per 1 million people)
Service exports (BoP, current US$)
Service imports (BoP, current US$)
Services, value added (% of GDP)
Services, value added (annual % growth)
Services, value added (constant 2015 US$)
Services, value added (current US$)
Services, value added per worker (constant 2015 US$)
Sex ratio at birth (male births per female births)
Share of youth not in education, employment or training, female (% of female youth population)
Share of youth not in education, employment or training, male (% of male youth population)
Share of youth not in education, employment or training, total (% of youth population)
Short-term debt (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
Short-term debt (% of total external debt)
Short-term debt (% of total reserves)
Social contributions (% of revenue)
Specialist surgical workforce (per 100,000 population)
Stocks traded, total value (% of GDP)
Stocks traded, total value (current US$)
Stocks traded, turnover ratio of domestic shares (%)
Subsidies and other transfers (% of expense)
Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population)
Suicide mortality rate, female (per 100,000 female population)
Suicide mortality rate, male (per 100,000 male population)
Surface area (sq. km)
Survey mean consumption or income per capita, bottom 40% of population (2017 PPP $ per day)
Survey mean consumption or income per capita, total population (2017 PPP $ per day)
Survival to age 65, female (% of cohort)
Survival to age 65, male (% of cohort)
Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, all products (%)
Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, manufactured products (%)
Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, primary products (%)
Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products (%)
Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, manufactured products (%)
Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, primary products (%)
Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, all products (%)
Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, manufactured products (%)
Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, primary products (%)
Tariff rate, most favored nation, weighted mean, all products (%)
Tariff rate, most favored nation, weighted mean, manufactured products (%)
Tariff rate, most favored nation, weighted mean, primary products (%)
Tax revenue (% of GDP)
Taxes less subsidies on products (current US$)
Taxes on exports (% of tax revenue)
Taxes on goods and services (% of revenue)
Taxes on goods and services (% value added of industry and services)
Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of revenue)
Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of total taxes)
Taxes on international trade (% of revenue)
Technical cooperation grants (BoP, current US$)
Technicians in R&D (per million people)
Teenage mothers (% of women ages 15-19 who have had children or are currently pregnant)
Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)
Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)
Tertiary education, academic staff (% female)
Textiles and clothing (% of value added in manufacturing)
Time required to obtain an operating license (days)
Time spent dealing with the requirements of government regulations (% of senior management time)
Time to obtain an electrical connection (days)
Total alcohol consumption per capita (liters of pure alcohol, 15+ years of age)
Total alcohol consumption per capita, female (liters of pure alcohol,female 15+ years of age)
Total alcohol consumption per capita, male (liters of pure alcohol, male 15+ years of age)
Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)
Total debt service (% of GNI)
Total fisheries production (metric tons)
Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (% change from 1990)
Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e)
Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF per capita (t CO2e/capita)
Total greenhouse gas emissions including LULUCF (Mt CO2e)
Total natural resources rents (% of GDP)
Total reserves (% of total external debt)
Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
Total reserves in months of imports
Total reserves minus gold (current US$)
Trade (% of GDP)
Trade in services (% of GDP)
Trademark applications, nonresident, by count
Trademark applications, resident, by count
Trained teachers in lower secondary education (% of total teachers)
Trained teachers in lower secondary education, female (% of female teachers)
Trained teachers in lower secondary education, male (% of male teachers)
Trained teachers in preprimary education (% of total teachers)
Trained teachers in preprimary education, female (% of female teachers)
Trained teachers in preprimary education, male (% of male teachers)
Trained teachers in primary education (% of total teachers)
Trained teachers in primary education, female (% of female teachers)
Trained teachers in primary education, male (% of male teachers)
Trained teachers in secondary education (% of total teachers)
Trained teachers in secondary education, female (% of female teachers)
Trained teachers in secondary education, male (% of male teachers)
Trained teachers in upper secondary education (% of total teachers)
Trained teachers in upper secondary education, female (% of female teachers)
Trained teachers in upper secondary education, male (% of male teachers)
Transport services (% of commercial service exports)
Transport services (% of commercial service imports)
Transport services (% of service exports, BoP)
Transport services (% of service imports, BoP)
Travel services (% of commercial service exports)
Travel services (% of commercial service imports)
Travel services (% of service exports, BoP)
Travel services (% of service imports, BoP)
Tuberculosis case detection rate (%, all forms)
Tuberculosis treatment success rate (% of new cases)
UHC service coverage index
Unemployment with advanced education (% of total labor force with advanced education)
Unemployment with advanced education, female (% of female labor force with advanced education)
Unemployment with advanced education, male (% of male labor force with advanced education)
Unemployment with basic education (% of total labor force with basic education)
Unemployment with basic education, female (% of female labor force with basic education)
Unemployment with basic education, male (% of male labor force with basic education)
Unemployment with intermediate education (% of total labor force with intermediate education)
Unemployment with intermediate education, female (% of female labor force with intermediate education)
Unemployment with intermediate education, male (% of male labor force with intermediate education)
Unemployment, female (% of female labor force)
Unemployment, male (% of male labor force)
Unemployment, total (% of total labor force)
Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15-24)
Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15-24)
Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24)
Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15-49)
Urban population
Urban population (% of total population)
Urban population growth (annual %)
Use of IMF credit (DOD, current US$)
Use of insecticide-treated bed nets (% of under-5 population)
Value lost due to electrical outages (% of sales for affected firms)
Vitamin A supplementation coverage rate (% of children ages 6-59 months)
Voice and Accountability
Voice and Accountability: Number of Sources
Wanted fertility rate (births per woman)
Water productivity, total (constant 2015 US$ GDP per cubic meter of total freshwater withdrawal)
Wholesale price index (2010 = 100)
Women Business and the Law Index Score (scale 1-100)
Women making their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care (% of women age 15-49)
Women participating in the three decisions (own health care, major household purchases, and visiting family) (% of women age 15-49)
Women who believe a husband is justified in beating his wife (any of five reasons) (%)
Women who believe a husband is justified in beating his wife when she argues with him (%)
Women who believe a husband is justified in beating his wife when she burns the food (%)
Women who believe a husband is justified in beating his wife when she goes out without telling him (%)
Women who believe a husband is justified in beating his wife when she neglects the children (%)
Women who believe a husband is justified in beating his wife when she refuses sex with him (%)
Women who were first married by age 15 (% of women ages 20-24)
Women who were first married by age 18 (% of women ages 20-24)
Women's share of population ages 15+ living with HIV (%)
Young people (ages 15-24) newly infected with HIV
Value type
value
rank
top
change
percent-change
Values present
all columns
any column
Year
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
Romania, Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
Year
Value
Rank
Change
Change,%
2022
0.459
47
-0.0135
-2.86%
2021
0.472
51
+0.00696
+1.5%
2020
0.465
53
-0.0108
-2.26%
2019
0.476
58
-0.0211
-4.25%
2018
0.497
54
-0.00964
-1.9%
2017
0.507
54
+0.0183
+3.74%
2016
0.489
53
+0.00068
+0.139%
2015
0.488
56
+0.106
+27.7%
2014
0.382
58
-0.00816
-2.09%
2013
0.39
63
-0.0722
-15.6%
2012
0.462
52
-0.0122
-2.57%
2011
0.475
52
+0.0279
+6.25%
2010
0.447
55
+0.00271
+0.61%
2009
0.444
56
-0.108
-19.6%
2008
0.552
47
+0.0407
+7.95%
2007
0.511
48
+0.0547
+12%
2006
0.457
49
+0.0442
+10.7%
2005
0.413
52
+0.0232
+5.96%
2004
0.389
52
-0.00766
-1.93%
2003
0.397
52
+0.0199
+5.27%
2002
0.377
49
-0.0141
-3.6%
2001
0.391
49
+0.025
+6.83%
2000
0.366
48
-0.0321
-8.05%
1999
0.398
44
-0.0971
-19.6%
1998
0.495
36
-0.0791
-13.8%
1997
0.575
34
-0.1
-14.9%
1996
0.675
26
Charts
Romania, Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)