Spain vs Estonia development indicators, 2024

Demography and Health

In terms of demographic indicators, Spain has a crude birth rate of 6.7 per 1,000 people, whereas Estonia's is slightly higher at 8. However, Spain has a lower crude death rate of 9 compared to Estonia's 11.7. Life expectancy at birth is significantly higher in Spain at 83.9 years, ranking first globally, while Estonia's life expectancy is 78.5 years, placing it 55th. Spain also performs better in child mortality, with a mortality rate of 3.1 per 1,000 live births compared to Estonia's 2.1. Additionally, Spain has net migration inflows of 111,674, indicating a robust immigration trend, while Estonia experiences net migration outflows of 7,742. On health expenditure, Spain invests 9.7% of its GDP, which is higher than Estonia’s 7%.

Economy

Economically, Spain's GDP per capita stands at $35,297, which is higher than Estonia's $31,170. In terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), Spain again leads with $56,926 compared to Estonia's $49,334. Spain's inflation rate is relatively moderate at 2.8%, while Estonia's is slightly higher at 3.5%. Unemployment is significantly higher in Spain at 12.2% compared to Estonia's 6.4%. Spain's high-technology exports total $25.8 billion, outpacing Estonia's $2.1 billion, and while both countries have a similar level of poverty, Estonia's poverty rate is slightly higher at 22.5% against Spain's 20.2%.

Trade and Investment

Regarding trade, Spain's exports of goods and services make up 37.3% of its GDP, which is significantly lower than Estonia's 76.3%, indicating a more export-dependent economy. Conversely, Spain's imports are 33% of GDP, while Estonia's imports are considerably higher at 75.7%. Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows present a stark contrast; Spain attracts a modest 1.9% inflow relative to GDP, while Estonia sees a net outflow of 8.2%. The current account balance shows Spain benefiting with a surplus of 3%, compared to Estonia's deficit of 1.1%.

Governance and Institutions

Evaluating governance, Spain has a control of corruption score of 0.6, while Estonia scores better at 1.5. Additionally, Estonia demonstrates stronger government effectiveness with a score of 1.3 compared to Spain’s 0.8. Both countries rank relatively close in regulatory quality and rule of law, but Estonia fares better in these categories with scores of 1.4 and 1.4, respectively, against Spain's 0.7 and 0.8. Political stability is another area where Estonia excels, scoring 0.7 while Spain sits at 0.3. Military expenditure highlights a stark difference, with Spain spending $23.7 billion in contrast to only $1.2 billion by Estonia.

Infrastructure and Technology

Spain showcases its technological infrastructure through a high logistics performance index of 3.8, indicating a robust trade and transport infrastructure, compared to Estonia's score of 3.5. Internet usage is notably high in both nations, with 95.4% of Spain’s population using the Internet compared to 93.2% in Estonia. However, Spain leads in the number of patent applications, indicating a stronger performance in innovation and research with 1,308 applications compared to Estonia's 25.

Environment and Sustainability

In the environmental sector, Estonia excels with 38% of its total final energy consumption coming from renewable sources, significantly higher than Spain's 19%. However, Spain has a lower greenhouse gas emission per capita rate at 5.9 tons of CO2 equivalent, whereas Estonia's emissions are higher at 10.5 tons. The level of water stress in Spain is quite high at 43.3%, although it pales in comparison to Estonia’s 10.8%, indicating better freshwater resource management. Lastly, both nations have a low prevalence of undernourishment at 2.5%, reflecting adequate food security in both countries.