Poland Poland vs Romania Romania development indicators, 2024

Indicator
Poland
Poland, Value
Romania
Romania, Value
Poland
Poland, Rank
Romania
Romania, Rank
Poland Poland as % of
Romania Romania
Current account balance (% of GDP) 0.196 -8.36 52 99
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.3 35.6 37 70 147 %
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) 2.02 1.92 53 57 105 %
GDP per capita (current US$) 25,023 20,072 48 57 125 %
GDP per capita, PPP (current international US$) 50,378 48,712 42 45 103 %
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.3 41.7 58 67 116 %
Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) 3.79 5.72 56 35 66.3 %
Net migration -238,062 -28,466 207 182 836 %
Population, total 36,554,707 19,069,340 42 66 192 %

Demography and Health

Poland has a slightly lower birth rate than Romania, with 7.4 births per 1,000 people compared to Romania's 8.0. However, Poland also has a better performance in terms of the death rate, with 11.1 deaths per 1,000 people compared to Romania's more concerning 12.7. Life expectancy at birth is higher in Poland at 78.5 years compared to Romania's 76.6 years. Moreover, Poland has a significantly lower under-5 mortality rate at 4.4 per 1,000 live births versus Romania’s 6.6. Both countries exhibit a prevalence of undernourishment at 2.5%, indicating a similar level of food security. Poland has a slightly higher number of physicians per 1,000 people (3.4) compared to Romania's 3.5, indicating a comparable healthcare infrastructure. The suicide mortality rate is higher in Poland at 13.7 per 100,000 compared to 9.6 in Romania, suggesting a potentially more serious mental health crisis in Poland.

Economy

Poland's economy shows stronger indicators compared to Romania. The GDP per capita in Poland stands at $25,023 whereas Romania's is $20,072. Furthermore, Poland has a higher GDP per capita when considering purchasing power parity (PPP), with $50,378 against Romania's $48,712. Exports make up 52.3% of Poland’s GDP compared to 35.6% in Romania, demonstrating a more robust integration into the global economy. Additionally, Poland's inflation rate is more manageable at 3.8% versus Romania's 5.7%. On the end of investment, both countries show similar net foreign direct investment inflows, at 2% for Poland and 1.9% for Romania. The unemployment rate is also significantly lower in Poland at 2.7%, compared to 5.6% in Romania, indicating a more favorable job market.

Trade and Investment

In terms of trade and investment, Poland outperforms Romania with a trade-to-GDP ratio that is significantly higher; its exports contribute 52.3% to GDP. Poland also leads in high-technology exports, recording $29.6 billion against Romania's $9.7 billion. While Poland's imports are also greater at 48.3% of GDP, Romania is lower at 41.7%, indicating a less balanced trade structure in Romania. The current account balance in Poland stands at a positive 0.2% of GDP, while Romania is at a troubling -8.4%, signifying issues with economic sustainability and international competitiveness.

Governance and Institutions

The governance index reveals that Poland is rated more favorably across several indicators. With a control of corruption score of 0.6 compared to Romania's 0, Poland demonstrates better governance quality. Additionally, Poland fares better in government effectiveness, with a score of 0.4 versus Romania's -0.1. Political stability is also higher in Poland at 0.6 compared to Romania's lower score of 0.4, implying that the political environment in Poland is less prone to instability or violence. Regulatory quality and rule of law also favor Poland, although both countries face challenges in these areas with Poland scoring 0.8 (regulatory quality) and 0.5 (rule of law) while Romania scores lower at 0.3 and 0.4 respectively.

Infrastructure and Technology

Infrastructure performance is better in Poland, with a logistics performance index of 3.5 versus Romania's 2.9, suggesting a higher quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure. Moreover, Poland has a better record in research and development expenditure as a percentage of GDP at 1.5%, compared to Romania's modest 0.5%. This suggests a more significant commitment to innovation and technological advancement in Poland. In terms of internet usage, Poland has 86.4% of the population online, slightly less than Romania's 89.2%, showcasing a digitally connected society in both countries.

Environment and Sustainability

When it comes to environmental issues, Poland faces higher greenhouse gas emissions per capita at 9.9 t CO2e compared to Romania's 5.6 t CO2e. This indicates a greater environmental challenge in Poland. However, Poland's renewable energy consumption stands at a lower percentage (15.2% of total final energy consumption) than Romania's 23.6%. This reflects Romania's stronger commitment to integrating renewable energy sources into its energy mix. Water stress is significantly higher in Poland, with 32.1% of freshwater withdrawal concerning available resources, compared to Romania's more sustainable 7.4%. Overall, both nations show varying engagements and challenges regarding environmental sustainability.