Poland Poland vs Portugal Portugal development indicators, 2024

Indicator
Poland
Poland, Value
Portugal
Portugal, Value
Poland
Poland, Rank
Portugal
Portugal, Rank
Poland Poland as % of
Portugal Portugal
Current account balance (% of GDP) 0.196 2.17 52 40 9 %
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 52.3 46.5 37 44 113 %
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) 2.02 4.27 53 23 47.2 %
GDP per capita (current US$) 25,023 28,844 48 45 86.8 %
GDP per capita, PPP (current international US$) 50,378 50,617 42 41 99.5 %
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 48.3 44.7 58 61 108 %
Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) 3.79 2.42 56 99 157 %
Net migration -238,062 20,648 207 37
Population, total 36,554,707 10,701,636 42 89 342 %

Demography and Health

Poland has a crude birth rate of 7.4 per 1,000 people, slightly lower than Portugal's 8.1, indicating a lower overall fertility rate. The death rate in Poland is 11.1 per 1,000, which is marginally lower than Portugal's death rate of 11.2. Life expectancy at birth highlights a significant difference, with Poland at 78.5 years compared to Portugal's higher 82.3 years, suggesting better health outcomes in Portugal. The under-5 mortality rate in Poland is 4.4 per 1,000 live births, worse than Portugal’s 3.2. In terms of mental health, Poland has a higher suicide mortality rate at 13.7 per 100,000 population compared to Portugal's 11.5. Both countries report a prevalence of undernourishment in the population at 2.5%. Poland's healthcare expenditure is notably lower at 7% of GDP compared to Portugal's 10%, indicating potential challenges in health funding, although both nations face similar challenges regarding healthcare access, evidenced by the number of physicians per 1,000 people (Poland: 3.4; Portugal: 5.8).

Economy

Poland's GDP per capita stands at $25,023, which is lower than Portugal’s $28,844. However, in purchasing power parity (PPP), Poland is slightly ahead with $50,378 compared to Portugal's $50,617. The economic structure reveals that Poland has a higher reliance on exports of goods and services, accounting for 52.3% of GDP against Portugal's 46.5%. Inflation rates in Poland are currently at 3.8%, which is significantly higher than Portugal’s 2.4%, suggesting more economic volatility in Poland. Additionally, unemployment is considerably lower in Poland at 2.7% compared to Portugal's 6.5%, indicating a stronger job market. Foreign direct investment inflows are also lower in Poland at 2% of GDP versus 4.3% in Portugal, suggesting Portugal is more favorable for foreign investment.

Trade and Investment

Poland's trade is characterized by a high export-to-GDP ratio of 52.3%, indicating a strong engagement in international markets. This contrasts with Portugal’s export ratio of 46.5%. The difference in high-technology exports further illustrates economic dynamism; Poland exported $29.6 billion in high-tech goods compared to Portugal’s modest $4.2 billion. Import reliance, as shown by imports of goods and services as a percentage of GDP, is also higher in Poland at 48.3% versus 44.7% in Portugal. Poland’s current account balance stands at 0.2% of GDP, significantly lower than Portugal’s 2.2%, indicating better trade balance for Portugal.

Governance and Institutions

In governance, Poland has a control of corruption score of 0.6, ranked lower than Portugal’s 0.7, indicating slightly less effective anti-corruption measures. Government effectiveness is also lower in Poland (0.4) compared to the more effective governance of Portugal (1). When examining political stability and absence of violence/terrorism, Poland scores 0.6, while Portugal is marginally better at 0.7. The rule of law is significantly weaker in Poland at 0.5 in contrast to Portugal’s 1.1, suggesting more robust legal frameworks in Portugal. However, Poland’s higher military expenditure ($31.6 billion) compared to Portugal ($4.2 billion) reflects a strategic approach to defense that could impact overall governance.

Infrastructure and Technology

Both countries show an adequate focus on technology and infrastructure, with Poland securing a logistics performance index of 3.5, slightly lower than Portugal’s 3.6. This suggests Portugal possesses marginally superior trade and transport-related infrastructure. Internet usage is fairly similar with Poland at 86.4% and Portugal at 85.8%. Additionally, Poland leads in patent applications with 3,377 compared to Portugal's 711, indicating a more active innovation environment. Research and development funding stands at 1.5% of GDP for Poland and 1.7% for Portugal, showcasing comparable commitment to innovation.

Environment and Sustainability

Portugal excels in renewable energy consumption, with 32.3% of its total energy coming from renewable sources compared to Poland's 15.2%, highlighting Portugal’s commitment to sustainability. Poland's total greenhouse gas emissions are notably higher at 9.9 tons CO2e per capita against Portugal's 5 tons. Water stress levels are significantly different, with Poland at 32.1% freshwater withdrawal compared to Portugal's safer level of 12.3%, indicating more sustainable water management in Portugal. These environmental indicators underscore Poland's need to improve its sustainability practices in relation to energy and resource management.