Hungary Hungary vs Poland Poland development indicators, 2024

Indicator
Hungary
Hungary, Value
Poland
Poland, Value
Hungary
Hungary, Rank
Poland
Poland, Rank
Hungary Hungary as % of
Poland Poland
Current account balance (% of GDP) 2.28 0.196 37 52 1,164 %
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 74.7 52.3 17 37 143 %
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) -14.7 2.02 107 53
GDP per capita (current US$) 23,311 25,023 54 48 93.2 %
GDP per capita, PPP (current international US$) 47,636 50,378 47 42 94.6 %
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 69.1 48.3 23 58 143 %
Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) 3.7 3.79 58 56 97.7 %
Net migration 16,223 -238,062 41 207
Population, total 9,562,314 36,554,707 96 42 26.2 %

Demography and Health

As of 2023, Hungary has a crude birth rate of 9.1 per 1,000 people, which is higher than Poland's 7.4, ranking Hungary 38th globally compared to Poland at 72nd. However, Hungary also has a higher crude death rate of 13.4 per 1,000 people compared to Poland's 11.1, positioning Hungary at 19th and Poland at 40th in terms of mortality. Both countries show a prevalence of undernourishment at 2.5% of the population. In terms of life expectancy, Hungary stands at 76.8 years, while Poland surpasses it with 78.5 years. The mortality rate for under-5s in Hungary is lower at 3.8 per 1,000 live births compared to Poland's 4.4. Despite these health challenges, Hungary has seen a net migration gain of 16,223, while Poland has faced a significant outflow with -238,062.

Economy

In 2024, Hungary's GDP per capita is reported at $23,311, trailing behind Poland's $25,023. However, in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), Hungary's GDP per capita is $47,636 compared to Poland's $50,378. Regarding economic dynamism, Hungary's exports of goods and services comprise a substantial 74.7% of GDP, significantly outperforming Poland's 52.3%. Meanwhile, Hungary faces challenges with a high foreign direct investment (FDI) outflow of -14.7%, contrasting with Poland’s positive inflow of 2%. Inflation rates for both countries are relatively similar at 3.7% in Hungary and 3.8% in Poland.

Trade and Investment

Hungary shows a strong reliance on exports, with a significant portion of its economy composed of exported goods at 74.7% of GDP, which is considerably higher than Poland's 52.3%. However, Hungary faces a net foreign direct investment outflow, implying potential difficulties in attracting foreign capital. On the other hand, Poland enjoys a modest FDI inflow of 2% of GDP. Despite these disparities, both countries maintain a considerable level of imports as well, with Hungary at 69.1% of GDP and Poland at 48.3%. High-technology exports are more prolific in Poland, with $29.6 billion against Hungary's $24.4 billion, reflecting Poland's advanced position in this sector.

Governance and Institutions

In terms of governance, both Hungary and Poland have room for improvement in political stability and institutional effectiveness. They exhibit similar scores in government effectiveness, with both at 0.4. However, Hungary faces more significant issues with control of corruption, having a score of -0 in contrast to Poland's 0.6. Poland also scores better on regulatory quality (0.8 versus Hungary's 0.3) and maintains a slightly stronger rule of law measure at 0.5 compared to Hungary's 0.4. The military expenditure is notably higher in Poland, at $31.6 billion, dwarfing Hungary's $4.4 billion.

Infrastructure and Technology

Both Hungary and Poland have made strides in their infrastructure, yet Poland holds an advantage. Hungary's logistics performance index stands at 3.1, while Poland boasts a higher score of 3.5, indicating better quality in trade and transport-related infrastructure. Furthermore, Hungary's investment in research and development is at 1.4% of GDP, slightly below Poland’s 1.5%. In terms of patent applications, Hungary recorded significantly fewer applications, indicating lagging innovation with just 433 compared to Poland's 3,377 in 2021. This suggests a potentially weaker emphasis on technology and innovation in Hungary.

Environment and Sustainability

Both countries are on similar paths regarding renewable energy consumption, with Hungary at 15.3% compared to Poland's 15.2%. However, environmental stresses differ significantly; Hungary's level of water stress is considerably lower, with only 8.1% of freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available water resources, keenly outperforming Poland's high 32.1%. Moreover, Hungary's total greenhouse gas emissions per capita are at 6.4 tonnes, while Poland significantly trails behind at 9.9 tonnes, indicating a better sustainability profile for Hungary despite both countries needing to improve. In terms of current health expenditures, Poland invests a higher percentage of GDP at 7% versus Hungary's 6.4%.