Germany vs Romania development indicators, 2024

Indicator	Germany, Value	Romania, Value	Germany, Rank	Romania, Rank	Germany as % of Romania
Current account balance (% of GDP)	5.73	-8.36	18	99
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)	42.1	35.6	53	70	118 %
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)	1.02	1.92	73	57	53.2 %
GDP per capita (current US$)	55,800	20,072	17	57	278 %
GDP per capita, PPP (current international US$)	72,300	48,712	18	45	148 %
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)	38.2	41.7	75	67	91.7 %
Inflation, consumer prices (annual %)	2.26	5.72	103	35	39.4 %
Net migration	36,954	-28,466	29	182
Population, total	83,510,950	19,069,340	19	66	438 %

Demography and Health

Germany and Romania present distinct demographic and health indicators. Germany has a lower birth rate of 8.3 births per 1,000 people compared to Romania's 8.0, positioning it at rank 54 against Romania's 64. With a crude death rate of 12.3, Germany is slightly better than Romania's 12.7 (rank 27 vs. 25). Life expectancy is significantly higher in Germany at 80.5 years, while Romanians live an average of 76.6 years. The under-5 mortality rate also illustrates this disparity, with Germany at 3.7 deaths per 1,000 live births (rank 32) compared to Romania's 6.6 (which ranks 1). Both countries show a prevalence of undernourishment at 2.5%, reflecting adequate nutritional standards.

Economy

The economic profiles of Germany and Romania are marked by significant differences in GDP and other economic indicators. As of 2024, Germany's GDP per capita stands at $55,800, substantially higher than Romania's $20,072 (rank 22 vs. 95). Similarly, when comparing GDP figures based on purchasing power parity, Germany scores $72,300 against Romania’s $48,712 (rank 15 vs. 68). Furthermore, Germany enjoys a robust exports sector, accounting for 42.1% of GDP, higher than Romania's 35.6% (rank 88 vs. 100). The inflation rate reveals further economic stability in Germany at 2.3%, while Romania faces a higher inflation rate of 5.7% (rank 88 vs. 43). Unemployment is lower in Germany at 3.1% of the labor force, compared to Romania's 5.6% (rank 75 vs. 43).

Trade and Investment

Germany ranks significantly higher than Romania in trade and investment indicators. High-technology exports in Germany amount to a staggering $255.7 billion, contrasting sharply with Romania's $9.7 billion, placing Germany first globally while Romania stands at rank 42. Foreign direct investment (FDI) shows Germany's net inflows at 1% of GDP, slightly less favorable than Romania's 1.9% (rank 85 vs. 76). However, Germany benefits from a strong current account balance of 5.7% of GDP compared to Romania's alarming -8.4% (rank 22 vs. 102). Both countries experience significant imports, with Germany at 38.2% of GDP and Romania higher at 41.7% (rank 97 vs. 91).

Governance and Institutions

Governance in Germany is characterized by highly effective institutions compared to Romania. Germany ranks favorably in government effectiveness (rank 29), control of corruption (rank 19), and rule of law (rank 21), whereas Romania trails significantly at ranks 78, 71, and 63, respectively. The political stability index shows Germany at 0.6, while Romania has a lower score of 0.4 (ranks 52 vs. 71). Regulatory quality also reflects these disparities, with Germany at rank 23 against Romania's 79, highlighting stronger structures and policies in the German governance system.

Infrastructure and Technology

Infrastructure and technological capabilities underline Germany's advanced status relative to Romania. The Logistics Performance Index (LPI) ranks Germany first globally at 4.3, whereas Romania's ranking of 26 at 2.9 demonstrates the challenges in its infrastructure. Patent applications, a measure of innovation, indicate Germany’s leadership with 39,822 applications, while Romania registered only 772 (rank 1 vs. 12). Research and development expenditure in Germany also outstrips Romania significantly at 3.1% of GDP compared to Romania's 0.5% (rank 7 vs. 54), indicating a stronger focus on innovation and technology in the German economy.

Environment and Sustainability

Environmental sustainability metrics depict contrasting performances between Germany and Romania. Germany has a higher rate of renewable energy consumption (17.6% of total final energy consumption) compared to Romania's 23.6% (rank 17 vs. 10), indicating Romania's leading position in renewable energy usage. However, Germany's total greenhouse gas emissions per capita are lower at 8.1 tons CO2e, contrasting with Romania's 5.6 tons (rank 36 vs. 72). Furthermore, water stress, measured by freshwater withdrawal as a percentage of available resources, shows Germany at 35.4%, significantly higher than Romania's favorable 7.4% (rank 5 vs. 19), suggesting Germany faces greater water management challenges.