Estonia Estonia vs Portugal Portugal development indicators, 2024

Indicator
Estonia
Estonia, Value
Portugal
Portugal, Value
Estonia
Estonia, Rank
Portugal
Portugal, Rank
Estonia Estonia as % of
Portugal Portugal
Current account balance (% of GDP) -1.15 2.17 64 40
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.3 46.5 15 44 164 %
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) -8.18 4.27 105 23
GDP per capita (current US$) 31,170 28,844 41 45 108 %
GDP per capita, PPP (current international US$) 49,334 50,617 44 41 97.5 %
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.7 44.7 15 61 170 %
Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) 3.52 2.42 62 99 146 %
Net migration -7,742 20,648 147 37
Population, total 1,371,986 10,701,636 155 89 12.8 %

Demography and Health

Estonia has a crude birth rate of 8 per 1,000 people, while Portugal's is slightly higher at 8.1, placing both nations around the middle of the global ranking (64th and 59th respectively). The crude death rate in Estonia is recorded at 11.7 per 1,000 people, compared to Portugal's 11.2, giving Estonia a ranking of 35th and Portugal 38th. In terms of life expectancy, Estonia lags behind Portugal with an expectation of 78.5 years compared to Portugal's more favorable 82.3 years. However, Estonia exhibits a lower under-5 mortality rate at 2.1 per 1,000 live births compared to Portugal’s 3.2, which is a positive indicator of child health in Estonia. Additionally, both countries show similar levels of undernourishment at 2.5%, indicating a good food security level for their populations.

Economy

Estonia's economy is characterized by a high export-to-GDP ratio of 76.3%, compared to Portugal’s 46.5%, indicating a more export-driven economy. In terms of GDP per capita, Estonia maintains a slight upper hand at $31,170 compared to Portugal's $28,844, though both countries rank similarly (59th and 65th respectively). An interesting observation is in high-tech exports, where Estonia reports $2.1 billion while Portugal's figures are higher at $4.2 billion. When looking at imports, Estonia also ranks better with imports making up 75.7% of GDP versus Portugal’s 44.7%. Inflation rates are more favorable in Portugal at 2.4% compared to Estonia’s 3.5%, indicating that consumer prices are rising more sharply in Estonia.

Trade and Investment

Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Estonia is notably negative at -8.2% of GDP, whereas Portugal enjoys a positive inflow of 4.3%, reflecting a more attractive investment environment in Portugal. Current account balances also tell a different story; Estonia's is at -1.1% compared to Portugal's positive 2.2%, showcasing potential financial stability in Portugal regarding its international transactions.

Governance and Institutions

Estonia benefits from better control of corruption, ranking 23rd globally with a score of 1.5, compared to Portugal's 45th position with a score of 0.7. Governance effectiveness also trends similarly, with Estonia at 1.3 (26th rank) and Portugal at 1.0 (44th rank). The Rule of Law and Regulatory Quality are additional areas where Estonia excels, ranking 25th (1.4) and 24th (1.4) respectively, in contrast to Portugal’s 41st (1.1) and 55th (0.8) positions. Both countries maintain a similar level of political stability and absence of violence/terrorism, each scoring 0.7 in this category.

Infrastructure and Technology

In terms of infrastructure, both countries have quality trade and transport-related infrastructure, yet Estonia ranks slightly lower (16th with a score of 3.5) compared to Portugal (13th with a score of 3.6). Technologically, Estonia leads in digital governance and internet usage, with 93.2% of the population utilizing the internet compared to Portugal's 85.8%. This high level of internet penetration underscores Estonia's advancements in technology adoption and digital services.

Environment and Sustainability

On environmental issues, Estonia shows a strong commitment to renewable energy, with 38% of its total energy consumption coming from renewable sources, ranking 5th worldwide, while Portugal is at 9th place with 32.3%. However, Estonia has higher greenhouse gas emissions per capita at 10.5 t CO2e compared to Portugal's 5 t CO2e, indicating a growing concern regarding Estonia's carbon footprint. Water resource management in Estonia is slightly better, with a water stress level of 10.8% compared to Portugal's 12.3%, suggesting more sustainable water use practices in Estonia.