Estonia vs Luxembourg development indicators, 2024

Demography and Health

Estonia's demography shows a birth rate of 8 per 1,000 people, which is lower than Luxembourg's 9.5 but reflects a stable population growth. However, Estonia has a considerably higher death rate at 11.7 per 1,000, compared to Luxembourg's 6.6, indicating potential health challenges. Life expectancy in Estonia is 78.5 years, lower than Luxembourg's impressive 83.4 years, pointing to differences in healthcare outcomes. In terms of childhood health, Estonia's under-5 mortality rate is slightly better at 2.1 per 1,000 live births compared to Luxembourg's 2.3. In the aspect of mental health, Estonia has a higher suicide mortality rate at 14.9 per 100,000 population versus Luxembourg's 8.2, highlighting a significant area for improvement.

Economy

The economic landscape of Luxembourg vastly outshines that of Estonia with a GDP per capita of $137,517 compared to Estonia's $31,170, ranking Luxembourg 1st while Estonia stands at 59th. Additionally, when adjusted for purchasing power parity, Estonia's GDP per capita is $49,334, while Luxembourg's stands at $150,772, illustrating the higher living standards in Luxembourg. Estonia's inflation rate is higher at 3.5% compared to Luxembourg's 2.1%, suggesting potential challenges for consumers in Estonia. Unemployment rates show Estonia at 6.4% while Luxembourg benefits from a lower rate of 5.2%.

Trade and Investment

Trade dynamics are significantly different between the two countries. Estonia's exports of goods and services comprise 76.3% of its GDP, while Luxembourg's are overwhelmingly high at 216%. Conversely, imports account for 75.7% of Estonia's GDP, compared to Luxembourg's 183%. Estonia has a thriving high-tech export sector, reporting $2.1 billion, whereas Luxembourg's stands at a substantially lower $801.2 million. The current account balance indicates that Estonia faces challenges with a deficit of -1.1% of GDP, while Luxembourg enjoys a positive current account balance at 13.8%.

Governance and Institutions

In terms of governance, Luxembourg performs better in various metrics. Control of corruption is rated at 1.9 for Luxembourg compared to Estonia's 1.5, indicating higher integrity in governmental operations. Government effectiveness also skews in Luxembourg’s favor with a rating of 1.9 against Estonia's 1.3. Political stability and absence of violence reveals a significant gap, where Luxembourg scores 1.1 indicating strong stability, whereas Estonia scores lower at 0.7. Regulatory quality shows a similar trend with Luxembourg at 1.9 compared to Estonia's 1.4, indicating more robust and favorable business regulations.

Infrastructure and Technology

Both countries exhibit solid logistics performance, with Luxembourg scoring slightly higher with 3.6 against Estonia's 3.5. This suggests that while both have competent transport-related infrastructure, Luxembourg may slightly outpace Estonia in terms of quality. Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP reveals Estonia investing 1.8% compared to Luxembourg's 1% indicating a stronger commitment towards innovation in Estonia, which is vital for future economic resilience and technological advancement. Furthermore, Estonia's patent applications stand at 25, while Luxembourg is ahead with 112, suggesting a higher rate of innovation and intellectual property protection in Luxembourg.

Infrastructure and Technology

Both countries exhibit solid logistics performance, with Luxembourg scoring slightly higher with 3.6 against Estonia's 3.5. This suggests that while both have competent transport-related infrastructure, Luxembourg may slightly outpace Estonia in terms of quality. Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP reveals Estonia investing 1.8% compared to Luxembourg's 1% indicating a stronger commitment towards innovation in Estonia, which is vital for future economic resilience and technological advancement. Furthermore, Estonia's patent applications stand at 25, while Luxembourg is ahead with 112, suggesting a higher rate of innovation and intellectual property protection in Luxembourg.

Environment and Sustainability

In terms of environmental issues, Estonia leads in the utilization of renewable energy, with 38% of total energy consumption coming from renewable sources compared to Luxembourg's 20.5%. However, both countries show similar levels of undernourishment, with 2.5% of the population in both nations affected. Water stress levels in Estonia are higher, with 10.8% of freshwater withdrawal compared to Luxembourg's 4%, posing potential sustainability challenges. Greenhouse gas emissions per capita are also higher in Estonia, recorded at 10.5 tons compared to Luxembourg's 11.8 tons, indicating room for improvement in carbon footprint reduction. Nonetheless, by investing in renewable resources, Estonia is making strides in achieving sustainability compared to Luxembourg's reliance on more conventional energy sources.