Estonia Estonia vs Croatia Croatia development indicators, 2024

Indicator
Estonia
Estonia, Value
Croatia
Croatia, Value
Estonia
Estonia, Rank
Croatia
Croatia, Rank
Estonia Estonia as % of
Croatia Croatia
Current account balance (% of GDP) -1.15 -1.13 64 63 101 %
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 76.3 49.8 15 39 153 %
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) -8.18 5.04 105 21
GDP per capita (current US$) 31,170 23,931 41 50 130 %
GDP per capita, PPP (current international US$) 49,334 48,575 44 46 102 %
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 75.7 52.9 15 52 143 %
Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) 3.52 2.97 62 80 118 %
Net migration -7,742 -5,186 147 139 149 %
Population, total 1,371,986 3,866,300 155 129 35.5 %

Demography and Health

In terms of demography, Estonia has a total population of approximately 1.4 million compared to Croatia's 3.9 million. The birth rate in Estonia stands at 8 per 1,000 people, while Croatia's is slightly higher at 8.3. Conversely, Estonia has a lower death rate of 11.7 per 1,000 people compared to Croatia's 13.3, ranking better in terms of mortality. Both countries have a life expectancy at birth that is equal at 78.5 years, though Estonia boasts a notably low under-five mortality rate of 2.1 per 1,000 live births, in stark contrast to Croatia's higher rate of 4.6.

Economy

Estonia's economic performance is notable, with a GDP per capita of $31,170, significantly higher than Croatia's $23,931. When adjusted to purchasing power parity, Estonia's GDP per capita remains competitive at $49,334 against Croatia's $48,575. Furthermore, high-technology exports are a major facet of Estonia's economy, amounting to $2.1 billion, surpassing Croatia's $1.7 billion. Nevertheless, Estonia struggles with net migration issues, experiencing a negative inflow of -7,742 people, compared to Croatia's -5,186.

Trade and Investment

Estonia excels in trade, with exports of goods and services accounting for 76.3% of its GDP, far higher than Croatia's 49.8%. Similarly, its imports as a percentage of GDP stand at 75.7% compared to Croatia's 52.9%. However, Estonia's foreign direct investment perspective looks unfavorable with net inflows at -8.2% of GDP, while Croatia benefits from a positive inflow of 5% of GDP. Both nations have a current account balance of -1.1% of GDP, indicating a similar trade deficit situation.

Governance and Institutions

Estonia ranks significantly higher than Croatia in terms of governance and institutional quality. The country boasts a control of corruption index score of 1.5, whereas Croatia is lagging with a score of 0.2. In metrics such as government effectiveness and regulatory quality, Estonia also outperforms Croatia with scores of 1.3 and 1.4, respectively, compared to Croatia's 0.7 and 0.6. The rule of law in Estonia is rated at 1.4, again higher than Croatia’s score of 0.4, indicating a stronger legal framework in Estonia.

Infrastructure and Technology

In terms of infrastructure quality, Estonia scores 3.5 on the Logistics Performance Index, surpassing Croatia's score of 3. This reflects better trade and transport-related infrastructures in Estonia. Moreover, Estonia has a high internet usage rate among its population at 93.2%, significantly above Croatia’s 83.2%, showcasing the country’s technological advancement and digital infrastructure.

Environment and Sustainability

Estonia is a leader in renewable energy consumption, with 38% of its total energy coming from renewable sources, compared to Croatia's 34.1%. However, Estonia's per capita greenhouse gas emissions are higher at 10.5 t CO2e/capita compared to 6.5 t CO2e/capita in Croatia. The level of water stress in Estonia is reported at 10.8%, indicating a higher relative stress on freshwater resources than Croatia’s more manageable level of 1.5%. Additionally, both countries have a low prevalence of undernourishment at 2.5% of the population.